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Double Standards in Financing for Development
The issue of international development and climate financing is currently at the forefront, especially in the run up to COP29, COP30 and to the 2025 FfD4 Conference in Seville. However, the internatio...
Publication
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L'économie africaine 2025: English version of Introduction & 1st Chapter
Since 2020, La Découverte and the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) have published an annual edition of L’Économie africaine, aiming to provide an accessible macroeconomic analysis of the Africa...
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Public bank lending in Africa in times of crisis
This paper examines public bank lending in Africa in times of crisis. To do so, we exploit an original data set covering all banks operating in eight West African countries. The final sample considers...
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Beyond "dichotomania"
The invention of the categories of “developed” and “developing” in the mid-20th century created a representation of the world whose impact has been nothing short of extraordinary. So much so tha...
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JACOUTON
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GOURDON
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Sovereign loans: financing for States
Our sovereign loans finance high-impact development projects or policies led by States or public entities that benefit from the State guarantee.
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How Can Ecuador’s Peanut Value Chain Be Strengthened? Challenges, Opportunities, and Pathways for Sustainable...
The peanut is a traditional crop in Ecuador, characterized by its quality and variety diversity. However, its development and exploitation have been limited, largely due to its primarily family-based...
Publication
Comparative analysis of biodiversity measurement approaches for public development banks
This study provides a comparative analysis of biodiversity measurement tools for Public Development Banks (PDBs). The aim is to evaluate the accessibility and the added value of six predefined biodive...
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Private companies
The private sector has a vital part to play in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Local authorities in foreign countries and local public actors
AFD Group is devoting an increasing share of its activity to directly financing foreign local authorities.
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Kosovo: The Challenges of Building the Growth Model
A small country in the Western Balkans, Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia in 2008. It has since strengthened its independence and built its sovereignty, resulting in a gradual...
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Benin - Is the “Revelation” within reach?
Over the past several years, Benin has demonstrated promising momentum, characterized by strong and resilient economic growth and a drive for structural reforms. The macro-fiscal trajectory appears fa...
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BELLEFONTAINE
Profile
Replay: MacroDev Online Webinar on the Commodity Prices Boom
Along this webinar at the occasion of the release of the MacroDev-Semestrial Panorama 2022 #2, AFD economists provided analysis in a thematic note devoted to commodities. Several country cases illustr...
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French Overseas Territories’ local authorities
AFD is a key actor in the institutional landscape of France’s Overseas Territories. As the leading public-sector financial partner, it supports overseas local authorities in their long-term sustainabl...
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Mainland France local authorities
AFD assists regional and local authorities in mainland France with their international activities in providing a more comprehensive response to requests from counterparts in the Global South.
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How to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions Without Reducing Growth? AFD Has Solutions
The 29th UN Climate Change Conference (COP29), in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 11 to 22 November 2024, is a fresh opportunity for countries to step up their climate commitments. Especially because reducing...
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BARAT
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Local and regional authorities
A distinctive feature of French local and regional authorities is that they carry out international actions. And with its more than 5,000 active local or regional authorities, France has one of the mo...
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